Ceridwen, Gwion Bach and Taliesin

Ceridwen, Gwion Bach and Taliesin#

The tale of Gwion Bach, his encounter with the sorceress Ceridwen, his rebirth as Taliesin, greatest of the bards, and his adventures with the luckless Prince Elphin, is one of my favourite tales. The transformations are fantastic, and as with many Welsh tales, the pace is frenetic. Here is the briefest of summaries:

Ceridwen, the sorceress has two children: her daughter, Creirwy, is perfect in every way; her son, Avagddu, is everything his sister is not. Ceridwen vows to make a potion of Awen, inspiration: it will take a year and a day; and old man and a young boy, Gwion Bach, are brought in to stir the pot and feed the fire; ingredients are collected at auspicious times. The day of reckoning: three bubbles, rise, pop, and burn Gwion Bach on the hand. Hand to mouth, he sees everything that was, is and shall be. He flees, Ceridwen chasing: they change to hare and hunting dog, fish and she-otter, little bird and hawk, grain of wheat and hen. Ceridwen pecks, and eats Gwion Bach. A child is born, she cannot kill it, pushes it onto the lake. Prince Elphin, the luckless, fails to get salmon on the day they leap freely; sees the child — “radiant brow”. It talks, it has grown to a young child by the time they get to Elphin’s father’s court. Taliesin promises a great future for Elphin, with his help, and the young bard is adopted.

Ceridwen’s Foul Son

In some tellings, Ceridwen’s foul son appears to be Morvran, in others, Morvran is an older brother of Avagddu?

In the tale Kilhwch and Olwen, we have the following description of Morvran, p261:

Morvran the son of Tegid, (no one struck him in the battle of Camlan by reason of his ugliness; all thought he was an auxiliary devil. Hair had he upon him like the hair of a stag.)

The tale is often paired with a second part in which Taliesin gets Prince Elphin out of a spot of bother with the King, and also repays him for having looked after him as he grew up.

Elphin has a drink too many at the High King’s feast, claims his wife is as virtuous as the Kings, his bard better, his horse fleeter of foot. He is thrown into jail until his wife’s virtue is proven. Taliesin hears the disreputable King’s son say he will demonstrate her lack of virtue. A kitchen maid is disguised as Elphin’s wife, a ring forced onto her little finger. The Kings son arrives, gets the kitchen maid/not-wife drunk, seduces her, cuts off her little finger. Not my wife’s: ring would hardly stay on her thumb, her nails are not pared, hr fingers not grained with flour from kneading bread. Elphin in silver chains; there is a bardic competition, Taliesin blurbs as bards pass, they blurb: are you all drunk? Taliesin recites, and the elements are at his command. There is a horse race, twenty four of the king’s horses, twenty four holly rods charred black at the end; as each of the High King’s horses is tapped on the flank, it falters; cap dropped where the last horse fell, and there, buried gold, a thank you to Elphin from Taliesin.

I first came across the tale in a second copy of Lady Charlotte Guest’s Mabinogion, where the tale was included as an additional item to the “official” Mabinogion tales.

Lady Charlotte Guest

For more on the fascinating Lady Charlotte Guest (maiden name, Charlotte Schreiber) see for example Lady Charlotte Guest and the Mabinogion; some notes on the work and its translator, with extracts from her journals, David Rhys Phillips, 1923.

An earlier version can be found in the Cambrian and Caledonian Quarterly of 1833:

The cauldron of Caridwen is described in The Misfortunes of Elphin by Thomas Love Peacock (“the author of Headlong Hall”), a historical romance inspired by early Welsh materials that had not heretofore been available in translation.

A review — taking the form rather more of an extended extract of the book — can be found in The Cambrian and Caledonian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Repertory 1829-04-01: Vol 1 Iss 2, p231-240. The selected extract describes Gwyddno Garanhir’s lands and the loss of the embankments due to the of drunkard who was supposed to keep check on them.

Another edited telling, this time from 1881:

https://archive.org/details/The_Bardic_Museum/page/n67/mode/2up The Bardic Museum (SECOND VOLUME OF THE Musical poetical, and historical relics of The Welsh Bards and Druids

by Edward Jones

Publication date 1802

p19-20.

Some Account of Taliesin.

“Of magic numbers, and persuasive found.”

TALIESIN sung and prophesied in the time of King Maelgwn Gwynedd, but was originally patronized by Elphin, son of Gwyddno Garanhir, Lord of Cantrev Gwaelod, about the end of the fifth century.

Maelgwn kept his court at Dyganwy; Gwyddno lived some time in the neighbourhood, and had a famous wear there, which, to this day, is called Gored Wyddno, or Gwyddno’s Wear: and now belongs to Bôdyscallen.

Elphin was always at Court, where he exhausted his finances so much, that he was constrained to be a petitioner to his father, for the benefit of the wear, for one night only, as a temporary relief to his pocket. He obtained his suit; but the only fish he found in the wear was Taliesin: how he came there, is too long and romantic to relate: however, the poem translated by the Reverend E. Evans, entitled Dyhuddiant Elphin, relates to this event. The author then proceeds to inform us how Maelgwn was surrounded by all his courtiers, and his 24 Bards and Heralds, &c, in the Christmas holidays, all striving who should flatter the king the most. They agreed that he was the handsomest, the wisest, and the most powerful monarch in the world; and that his queen, in beauty, wisdom, and chastity, &c, surpassed all the ladies in the kingdom: in short, that his troops were the bravest; his horses and dogs the fleetest; his Bards the best, and wisest in the world. Elphin very modestly said, “That nobody should enter into comparison with a king, but a king;” otherwise, he would affirm, that his own lady, in point of chastity, might vie with any in the land: and that he had a Bard who excelled all his majesty’s Bards, &c. When the king heard this, he ordered Elphin to be bound, and thrown into prison, till the truth of those assertions should appear; and then dispatched his own son Rhûn, a noted debauchee, to try the chastity of his lady: she being informed of these things by Taliesin, and likewise advised by him, dressed one of her maids in her own fine cloaths, and put all her rings and her husband’s upon her fingers, &c, whilst she assumed the character of the maid, and waited at supper. The prince, who had been immediately introduced to the parlour, supped with the metamorphosed maid, entertained her with a great deal of indecent discourse, and after the rest were withdrawn gave her a sleepy potion, and accomplished his wishes. After that, he cut off her little finger, upon which was Elphin’s own ring and signet, which he had a little while before sent to his lady as a token, &c. The prince left the maid asleep, and hastened to his father with the ring and finger, in evidence of his success. The king sends for Elphin out of prison, and first upbraids him for his credulity respecting his wife’s chastity; and when he finds him persevering in it, shews him the ring and finger, and assures him that the person who had brought them had lain with his lady the night before. Elphin acknowledges the ring; but, upon examining the finger, proves that it never belonged to his wife, by several strong arguments: first, from the size of the finger; here he observes, that the ring could scarce be forced over the middle joint of the little finger in question; and assures the king that the ring was a great deal too large for his lady’s thumb: secondly, he takes notice that the nail of this finger had not been cut for a month past, at least; whereas his lady never neglected cutting her nails constantly every Saturday: thirdly, he observed that whoever owned the finger, had made use of it very lately in baking rye bread; and assures the King, that his lady had never done such a piece of drudgery since she had been his wife. Poor Elphin is now deemed incorrigible, and remanded back to prison for his obstinacy and credulity, with orders never to be released until he could fairly prove, what was deemed impossible, the chastity of his wife, and the superiority of his Bard. Taliesin now resolves to set his patron at liberty: in order to this, he goes to Maelgwn’s court, where he was not known; and by his superior skill, assisted, however, by a little sorcery, he overcomes all the laureats of the palace; asserts his lady’s chastity; proves her innocence; and does some other wonders, which restores his patron to his liberty, and the favour of his prince, &c. Taliesin, after this, advices Elphin to lay a wager with the king, that he had a horse that was fleeter than all his majesty’s horses: upon this, a course was marked out on Morfa Rhianedd, and the king brought there twenty-four of the fleetest horses in his stud, which were every one beat by Elphin’s horse, assisted, however, by a little of Taliesin’s magic. Moreover, Taliesin ordered the boy that rode his patron’s horse to drop his cap on the ground, upon the place where Maelgwn’s horse should stumble, which he accordingly did. After the race was over, Taliesin took Elphin to the spot, and directed it to be dug into; where they came to a large cauldron, full of gold. Then the Bard addressed his patron, and said to Elphin, “here is your reward for taking me out of the wear, and for rearing me from that day.” This spot is now called Pyllbair, or the pool of the Cauldron. [From John Jones of Gelli Lyfdy's Manuscript; and extracted by the Reverend E. Evans, whose collections are now at Plas Gwyn, in Anglesey.]

N. B. There is probably some truth in the above curious account about Maelgwn Gwynedd, Elphin, &c. as some of Taliesin’s poems, or, at least, what pass for his, relate to some of the events mentioned.

Probably Taliesin caused an artificial Bog to be made in some particular part of the course, which the rider of Elphin’s horse had special charge to avoid; and by that means, possibly, he beat all Maelgwn’s horses, and Elphin won a considerable sum of money.

In some of Taliesin’s Daroganau, or Prophetic Poems, a place called Y Felallt is mentioned; where a battle was to be fought, and eleven thousand of the Saxons to be destroyed. The Annotator says, that Fêlallt is Beeston Castle, in Cheshire. See more of Taliesin in the first Volume, pages 18. and 21.