Interlude – “The Sin-Eater”, Fiona Macleod#
In 1895, a short story collection set in the islands and Highlands of Scotland — Fiona Macleod’s The sin-eater, and other tales — appeared that included a short story entitled “The Sin Eater”, p17-67. Over the years, the story was reprinted several times, and appeared in various other collections, including The best psychic stories, by Joseph French, 1920.
Fiona Macleod’s first novel, Pharais, appeared in 1894, and with two works published earlier in 1895, Mountain Lovers, another novel, and The Laughter of Peterkin: A retelling of old tales of the Celtic Wonderworld, she had started to establish herself as a doyenne of the Scottish Celtic revival, as reviews of the Sin Eater suggest.
Various reviews of Macloed’s Sin Eater were to appear, such as this one in Y Cymro, March 25th, 1997, p6
By the Way.
…
Did the ancient custom of sin-eating obtain in Wales within living memory ? It was a most uncanny rite. A piece of bread, sprinkled over with salt, was placed on the bared breast of the dead person the sin-eater, who was paid for the job, ate the bread, washing it down with a mug of beer; the sins of the dead were thus transferred into the eater, who was consequently looked upon with a feeling of loathing and horror. For was he not selling his soul for a price ?
Miss Fiona Macleod, in her Sin-Eater and Other Tales, recently published by Patrick Geddes, describes the custom as it prevailed in the Highlands of Scotland. The scale of pay seems to have been higher there than in Wales. Perhaps the pay was regulated by a kind of sliding scale, and varied according to the amount of sin to be eaten in each case. At all events, the Welsh sin-eater generally got only a groat, whereas the Gaelic-eater received sometimes as mnch as five shillings. That speaks highly either of the better moral character of our ancestors, or the more developed commercial acuteness of the Scotch Celts.
If the reader has not made the acquaintance of Fiona Macleod’s Gaelic stories, let him hasten to do so. There are three of them— “The Pharais,” “The Mountain Lovers,” and “The Sin Eater.’ He will find them intensely fascinating.
Item, showing affinity of thought between Cymro and Gael: the Cymro used to call the east wind “gwynt traed y meirw” (Cymru Fu, p. 409); the Gael, “the wind that blows on the feet of the dead.”
To return to our subject, if anybody can give information about sin eating in Wales, particularly as regards the time when the custom ceased to exist, he will be conferring a favour on your readers, myself included, and providing you, sir, with very acceptable “copy.” I may say that the leading recent authority on the subject is Mr. Sidney Hartland, though his services, like the bread in the custom, should be taken with a pinch of salt. Older authorities are Aubrey and others quoted in Hone’s “Year Book.”
…
Other reviews were also published:
“The Sin-Eater and Other Tales”, Review in The Academy, January 1896
The following review appeared in The Academy vol. 49, iss. 1238, p72-3 date January 25th, 1896.
The Sin-Eater, and Other Tales. By Fiona Macleod. (Edinburgh: Patrick Geddes & Colleagues. )
Miss MACLEOD is the first writer who has tried natively to interpret the Gael, not of the Scottish Highlands, but of the Islands, to Southern readers ; and for sheer originality, other qualities apart, her tales in this volume are as remarkable, perhaps, as anything we have had of the kind since Mr. Kipling appeared. They are so original : in fact, they treat of so strange a subject-matter and in so strange a way, that the unregenerate Saxon may find them at first a little difficult. On a further acquaintance, he will find that their local colour, their idiom, their whole method, combine to produce an effect which may be unaccustomed, but is therefore the more irresistible.
“Why,” asks Miss Macleod in her dedicatory epistle to Mr. George Meredith— “why do I write these things? It is because I wish to say to you, and to all who may read this book, that in what I have said lies the secret of the Gael. The beauty of the world, the pathos of life, the gloom, the spiritual glamour: it is out of these, the heritance of the Gael, that I have wrought these tales.”
This clearly commits the writer to the romantic method that we find preserved in all these tales, though they have here and there a touch of that realism which romance has never been entirely without — Celtic romance especially. The first of them, “The Sin-Eater,” is a capital example in its romantic kind. You feel, in reading it, that the tale-writer has not gone to her subject-matter as a purely disinterested agent. On the contrary, she brings her passionate predilections ; instead of being disinterested, she is perfervidly interested ; she goes prepared to find the things that count, Celtically speaking, and she finds them—the gloom, the spiritual glamour, and the rest. Tomorrow, some New Realist will go over the same ground, and bring back his very different report of things as they really are, and tell us what queer kind of porridge he saw the Achannas eat. But Miss Macleod, being to the manner born, writes from the inside, and not from the outside; is affected through her imagination, and not through her nerves; and is sometimes so carried away by her subject that she forgets how suburban the modern reader is apt to be, and how he likes his sea-lions caged and labelled, and his peat-smoke described in terms of Fleet-street.
Not only does she forget this: she deliberately does all she can to increase the sea terror, the wildness, and the Gaelic savour of her tales. “The Sin-Eater” begins with the wet wind and the sea mist of the western isles; and ends with the wild cry of the man Neil Ross, as he goes down in the “Black Eddy” that rushes between Skerry-Mohr and Skerry-Beag— “An eirig m’ anama!” (“In ransom for my soul!”) All through it one hears the sea-noises and feels the sea-wind, and the Sin-eater is treated in bold accord with such elemental circumstance. Half man, half myth, he is the scapegoat of the sea. He bears the sins of others, but with no scapegoat’s innocence: therein lies the motive which is treated in this tale with so much force. At last he makes his sea-exit on a spar that is like the cross; nay, in the words of Aulay Macneill, who tells his end, “It was the cross he was on. I saw that thing with the fear upon me. Ah, poor drifting wreck that he was. Judas on the Cross: it was his eric.”
Still more strange, and from an English point of view more simply and artistically constructed and written, is “The Dan-nan-Ron”—perhaps the finest thing in the book. “‘You know what is said in the isles about … about this or that man, who is under gheasau. —who is spell-bound,…and… about the seals and… ?’ says Marcus Achanna to Anne, the heroine of this strange tale.
“‘They say that seals,’ he repeated slowly ; ‘they say that seals are men under magic spells.’”
Here we have suggested a fine dramatic motive at the threshold of an old Gaelic folk-tale; and Miss Macleod uses her opportunity with singular control of the magic machinery of an uncanny subject. The figure of Gloom Achanna, who plays the tune of the Dan-nan-Ron on his feadan (an oaten-pipe or flute), is one not easily forgotten. He lives with unreal reality in one’s mind; his wild tunes hold one’s ear, though they are described with characteristic Celtic exaggeration by indirection, by colour instead of music, as e.g.:
“Again Gloom took up the feadan, and sent a few cold white notes floating through the hot room, breaking suddenly into the wild, fantastic opening air of the Dan-nan-Ron.”
A few pages further, and we come upon Manus’s song, which, with the description that follows, may be given as an instance of Miss Macleod’s writing of both verse and prose :
“The tide was dark an’ heavy with the burden that it bore,
I nae it talkin’, whisperin’, upon the weedy shore :
Each wave that stirred the seaweed was like a closing door,
‘Tis closing doors they hear at last who hear no more, no more,
My grief,
No more!
“The white sea-waves were wan and grey, its ashy lips before,
The yeast within its ravening mouth was red with streamy gore—
O red seaweed, O red sea-waves, O hollow, baffled roar,
Since one thou hast, O dark dim sea, why callest thou for more,
My grief, For more ?
“In the quiet moonlight the chant, with its long, slow cadences, sung as no other man in the Isles could sing it, sounded sweet and remote beyond words to tell. The glittering shine was upon the water of the haven, and moved in waving lines of fire along the stone ledges. Sometimes a fish rose, and split a ripple of pale gold; or a sea-nettle swam to the surface, and turned its blue or greenish globe of living jelly to the moon dazzle.”
There is some excess of mere colour, it may be thought, in all this; but that, too, is very Celtic. And so throughout these tales ; the manner of their telling, their idiom, their very mannerisms, only tend to increase their total effect. To quote again from their teller’s singular opening epistle from Iona, addressed to him whom she calls “Prince of Celtdom”: they have been written “as by one who repeats with curious insistence a haunting, familiar, yet ever wild and remote air, whose obscure meanings he would fain reiterate, interpret.” It is only by insisting, as she does, with some romantic excess, on the vivid traits and idioms of the remote Gaelic folk she describes, that she brings home to us their speech, sentiment, and spirit of life, as the true interpreter may. She expressly disavows the documentary method at the start; she is subjective and interpretative to a degree ; she is often so much moved by her own subject matter, that Heine’s famous confession of overmuch sentiment in his Buch le Grand is apt to recur as one reads. Her tales, then, are not documentary ; they reveal their writer’s individuality, quite as much as the idiosyncrasy of the island Gael. But, just for this very reason, they provide as original an entertainment as we are likely to find in this lingering century, and they suggest a new romance as among the potential things in the century to come.
Ernest Rhys.
So how did Fiona Macleod portray this example of a sin-eater from the Scottish islands?
THE SIN-EATER, Fiona Macleod#
SIN.
Taste this bread, this substance : tell me
Is it bread or flesh ?
[The Senses approach.]
THE SMELL.
Its smell
Is the smell of bread.
SIN.
Touch, come. Why tremble?
Say what’s this thou touchest?
THE TOUCH.
Bread.
SIN.
Sight, declare what thou discernest
In this object.
THE SIGHT.
Bread alone.
Calderon,
Los Encantos de la Culpa.
…
A wet wind out of the south mazed and mooned through the sea-mist that hung over the Ross, In all the bays and creeks was a continuous weary lapping of water. There was no other sound anywhere.
Thus was it at daybreak : it was thus at noon : thus was it now in the darkening of the day. A confused thrusting and falling of sounds through the silence betokened the hour of the setting. Curlews wailed in the mist : on the seething limpet covered rocks the skuas and terns screamed, or uttered hoarse, rasping cries. Ever and again the prolonged note of the oyster-catcher shrilled against the air, as an echo flying blindly along a blank wall of cliff. Out of weedy places, wherein the tide sobbed with long, gurgling moans, came at intervals the barking of a seal.
Inland, by the hamlet of Contullich, there is a reedy tarn called the Loch-a-chaoruinn. [Contullich: i.e. Ceann-nan-tulaich, "the end of the hillocks." Loch-a-chaoruinn means the loch of the rowan-trees.] By the shores of this mournful water a man moved. It was a slow, weary walk that of the man Neil Ross. He had come from Duninch, thirty miles to the eastward, and had not rested foot, nor eaten, nor had word of man or woman, since his going west an hour after dawn.
At the bend of the loch nearest the clachan he came upon an old woman carrying peat. To his reiterated question as to where he was, and if the tarn were Feur-Lochan above Fionnaphort that is on the strait of Iona on the west side of the Ross of Mull, she did not at first make any answer. The rain trickled down her withered brown face, over which the thin grey locks hung limply. It was only in the deep-set eyes that the flame of life still glimmered, though that dimly.
The man had used the English when first he spoke, but as though mechanically. Supposing that he had not been understood, he repeated his question in the Gaelic.
After a minute’s silence the old woman answered him in the native tongue, but only to put a question in return.
“ I am thinking it is a long time since you have been in Iona ? “
The man stirred uneasily.
“ And why is that, mother ? “ he asked, in a weak voice hoarse with damp and fatigue ; “how is it you will be knowing that I have been in lona at all ? “
“Because I knew your kith and kin there, Neil Ross.”
“ I have not been hearing that name, mother, for many a long year. And as for the old face o’ you, it is unbeknown to me.”
“ I was at the naming of you, for all that. Well do I remember the day that Silis Macallum gave you birth ; and I was at the house on the croft of Ballyrona when Murtagh Ross — that was your father — laughed. It was an ill laughing that.”
“ I am knowing it. The curse of God on him ! “
“Tis not the first, nor the last, though the grass is on his head three years agone now.”
“ You that know who I am will be knowing that I have no kith or kin now on Iona?”
“ Ay ; they are all under grey stone or running wave. Donald your brother, and Murtagh your next brother, and little Silis, and your mother Silis herself, and your two brothers of your father, Angus and Ian Macallum, and your father Murtagh Ross, and his lawful childless wife, Dionaid, and his sister Anna — one and all, they lie beneath the green wave or in the brown mould. It is said there is a curse upon all who liveat Ballyrona. The owl builds now in the rafters, and it is the big sea-rat that runs across the fireless hearth.”
“It is there I am going.”
“ The foolishness is on you, Neil Ross.”
“ Now it is that I am knowing who you are. It is old Sheen Macarthur I am speaking to.”
“ Tha mise… it is I.”
“ And you will be alone now, too, I am thinking. Sheen ? “
“ I am alone. God took my three boys at the one fishing ten years ago ; and before there was moonrise in the blackness of my heart my man went. It was after the drowning of Anndra that my croft was taken from me. Then I crossed the Sound, and shared with my widow sister Elsie McVurie : till she went : and then the two cows had to go : and I had no rent : and was old.”
In the silence that followed, the rain dribbled from the sodden bracken and dripping lone-roid. Big tears rolled slowly down the deep lines on the face of Sheen. Once there was a sob in her throat, but she put her shaking hand to it, and it was still.
Neil Ross shifted from foot to foot. The ooze in that marshy place squelched with each restless movement he made. Beyond them a plover wheeled, a blurred splatch in the mist, crying its mournful cry over and over and over.
It was a pitiful thing to hear : ah, bitter loneliness, bitter patience of poor old women. That he knew well. But he was too weary, and his heart was nigh full of its own burthen. The words could not come to his lips. But at last he spoke.
“Tha mo chridhe goirt,” he said, with tears in his voice, as he put his hand on her bent shoulder ; “ my heart is sore.”
She put up her old face against his.
“ ‘S tha e ruidhinn mo chridhe,” she whispered ; “ it is touching my heart you are.”
After that they walked on slowly through the dripping mist, each dumb and brooding deep.
“Where will you be staying this night?” asked Sheen suddenly, when they had traversed a wide boggy stretch of land ; adding, as by an afterthought — “Ah, it is asking you were if the tarn there were Feur-Lochan.
No ; it is Loch-a-chaoruinn, and the clachan that is near is Contullich.”
“Which way?”
“ Yonder : to the right.”
“ And you are not going there ? “
“ No. I am going to the steading of Andrew Blair. Maybe you are for knowing it ? It is called le-Baile-na-Chlais-nambuidheag.” [The farm in the hollow of the yellow flowers.]
“ I do not remember. But it is remembering a Blair I am. He was Adam, the son of Adam, the son of Robert. He and my father did many an ill deed together.”
“ Ay, to the stones be it said. Sure, now, there was, even till this weary day, no man or woman who had a good word for Adam Blair.”
“And why that … why till this day?”
“ It is not yet the third hour since he went into the silence.”
Neil Ross uttered a sound like a stifled curse. For a time he trudged wearily on.
“ Then I am too late,” he said at last, but as though speaking to himself. “ I had hoped to see him face to face again, and curse him between the eyes. It was he who made Murtagh Ross break his troth to my mother, and marry that other woman, barren at that, God be praised ! And they say ill of him, do they?”
“ Ay, it is evil that is upon him. This crime and that, God knows ; and the shadow of murder on his brow and in his eyes. Well, well, ‘tis ill to be speaking of a man in corpse, and that near by. ‘Tis Himself only that knows, Neil Ross.”
“ Maybe ay and maybe no. But where is it that I can be sleeping this night. Sheen Macarthur ? “
“ They will not be taking a stranger at the farm this night of the nights, I am thinking. There is no place else for seven miles yet, when there is the clachan, before you will be coming to Fionnaphort. There is the warm byre, Neil, my man ; or, if you can bide by my peats, you may rest, and welcome, though there is no bed for you, and no food either save some of the porridge that is over.”
“And that will do well enough for me, Sheen ; and Himself bless you for it.”
And so it was.
…
After old Sheen Macarthur had given the wayfarer food — poor food at that, but welcome to one nigh starved, and for the heartsome way it was given, and because of the thanks to God that was upon it before even spoon was lifted — she told him a lie. It was the good lie of tender love.
“ Sure now, after all, Neil, my man,” she said, “ it is sleeping at the farm I ought to be, for Maisie Macdonald, the wise woman, will be sitting by the corpse, and there will be none to keep her company. It is there I must be going ; and if I am weary, there is a good bed for me just beyond the dead-board, which I am not minding at all. So, if it is tired you are sitting by the peats, lie down on my bed there, and have the sleep ; and God be with you.”
With that she went, and soundlessly, for Neil Ross was already asleep, where he sat on an upturned claar, with his elbows on his knees, and his flame-lit face in his hands.
The rain had ceased ; but the mist still hung over the land, though in thin veils now, and these slowly drifting seaward. Sheen stepped wearily along the stony path that led from her bothy to the farm-house. She stood still once, the fear upon her, for she saw three or four blurred yellow gleams moving beyond her, eastward, along the dyke. She knew what they were — the corpse-lights that on the night of death go between the bier and the place of burial. More than once she had seen them before the last hour, and by that token had known the end to be near. Good Catholic that she was, she crossed herself, and took heart. Then, muttering
Crois nan naoi aingeal learn
‘O mhullach mo chinn
Gu craican mo bhonn
(The cross of the nine angels be about me,
From the top of my head
To the soles of my feet),
she went on her way fearlessly.
When she came to the White House, she entered by the milk-shed that was between the byre and the kitchen. At the end of it was a paved place, with washing-tubs. At one of these stood a girl that served in the house, — an ignorant lass called Jessie McFall, out of Oban. She was ignorant, indeed, not to know that to wash clothes with a newly dead body near by was an ill thing to do. Was it not a matter for the knowing that the corpse could hear, and might rise up in the night and clothe itself in a clean white shroud ?
She was still speaking to the lassie when Maisie Macdonald, the deid-watcher, opened the door of the room behind the kitchen to see who it was that was come. The two old women nodded silently. It was not till Sheen was in the closed room, midway in which something covered with a sheet lay on a board, that any word was spoken.
“ Duit sith mòr, Beann Macdonald.”
“ And deep peace to you, too. Sheen ; and to him that is there.”
“ Och, ochone, mise ‘n diugh ; ‘tis a dark hour this.”
“Ay; it is bad. Will you have been hearing or seeing anything ? “
“ Well, as for that, I am thinking I saw lights moving betwixt here and the green place over there.”
“ The corpse-lights ? “
“Well, it is calling them that they are.”
“ I thought they would be out. And I have been hearing the noise of the planks — the cracking of the boards, you know, that will be used for the coffin to-morrow.”
A long silence followed. The old women had seated themselves by the corpse, their cloaks over their heads. The room was fire-less, and was lit only by a tall wax death-candle, kept against the hour of the going.
At last Sheen began swaying slowly to and fro, crooning low the while. “ I would not be for doing that, Sheen Macarthur,” said the deid-watcher in a low voice, but meaningly ; adding, after a moment’s pause, “The mice have all left the house.”
Sheen sat upright, a look half of terror half of awe in her eyes.
“ God save the sinful soul that is hiding,” she whispered.
Well she knew what Maisie meant. If the soul of the dead be a lost soul it knows its doom. The house of death is the house of sanctuary ; but before the dawn that follows the death-night the soul must go forth, whosoever or whatsoever wait for it in the homeless, shelterless plains of air around and beyond. If it be well with the soul, it need have no fear : if it be not ill with the soul, it may fare forth with surety ; but if it be ill with the soul, ill will the going be. Thus is it that the spirit of an evil man cannot stay, and yet dare not go ; and so it strives to hide itself in secret places anywhere, in dark channels and blind walls ; and the wise creatures that live near man smell the terror, and flee. Maisie repeated the saying of Sheen ; then, after a silence, added —
“ Adam Blair will not lie in his grave for a year and a day because of the sins that are upon him ; and it is knowing that, they are, here. He will be the Watcher of the Dead for a year and a day.”
“ Ay, sure, there will be dark prints in the dawn-dew over yonder.”
Once more the old women relapsed into silence. Through the night there was a sighing sound. It was not the sea, which was too far off to be heard save in a day of storm. The wind it was, that was dragging itself across the sodden moors like a wounded thing, moaning and sighing.
Out of sheer weariness. Sheen twice rocked forward from her stool, heavy with sleep. At last Maisie led her over to the niche-bed opposite, and laid her down there, and waited till the deep furrows in the face relaxed some-what, and the thin breath laboured slow across the fallen jaw.
“ Poor old woman,” she muttered, heedless of her own grey hairs and greyer years ; “ a bitter, bad thing it is to be old, old and weary. ‘Tis the sorrow, that. God keep the pain of it!”
As for herself, she did not sleep at all that night, but sat between the living and the dead, with her plaid shrouding her. Once, when Sheen gave a low, terrified scream in her sleep, she rose, and in a loud voice cried, “ Sheeach-ad ! Away with you !” And with that she lifted the shroud from the dead man, and took the pennies off the eyelids, and lifted each lid ; then, staring into these filmed wells, muttered an ancient incantation that would compel the soul of Adam Blair to leave the spirit of Sheen alone, and return to the cold corpse that was its coffin till the wood was ready.
The dawn came at last. Sheen slept, and Adam Blair slept a deeper sleep, and Maisie stared out of her wan, weary eyes against the red and stormy flares of light that came into the sky.
When, an hour after sunrise, Sheen Macarthur reached her bothy, she found Neil Ross, heavy with slumber, upon her bed. The fire was not out, though no flame or spark was visible ; but she stooped and blew at the heart of the peats till the redness came, and once it came it grew. Having done this, she kneeled and said a rune of the morning, and after that a prayer, and then a prayer for the poor man Neil. She could pray no more because of the tears. She rose and put the meal and water into the pot for the porridge to be ready against his awaking. One of the hens that was there came and pecked at her ragged skirt. “ Poor beastie,” she said. “ Sure, that will just be the way I am pulling at the white robe of the Mother o’ God. ‘Tis a bit meal for you, cluckie, and for me a healing hand upon my tears. O, och, ochone, the tears, the tears ! “
It was not till the third hour after sunrise of that bleak day in the winter of the winters, that Neil Ross stirred and arose. He ate in silence. Once he said that he smelt the snow coming out of the north. Sheen said no word at all.
After the porridge, he took his pipe, but there was no tobacco. All that Sheen had was the pipeful she kept against the gloom of the Sabbath. It was her one solace in the long weary week. She gave him this, and held a burning peat to his mouth, and hungered over the thin, rank smoke that curled upward.
It was within half-an-hour of noon that, after an absence, she returned.
“ Not between you and me, Neil Ross,” she began abruptly, “but just for the asking, and what is beyond. Is it any money you are having upon you ? “
“ No.”
“Nothing?”
“ Nothing.”
“Then how will you be getting across to Iona? It is seven long miles to Fionnaphort, and bitter cold at that, and you will be needing food, and then the ferry, the ferry across the Sound, you know.”
“Ay, I know.”
“ What would you do for a silver piece, Neil, my man?”
“ You have none to give me. Sheen Macarthur ; and, if you had, it would not be taking it I would.”
“ Would you kiss a dead man for a crown-piece — a crown-piece of five good shillings?”
Neil Ross stared. Then he sprang to his feet.
“ It is Adam Blair you are meaning, woman! God curse him in death now that he is no longer in life ! “
Then, shaking and trembling, he sat down again, and brooded against the dull red glow of the peats.
But, when he rose, in the last quarter before noon, his face was white.
“ The dead are dead. Sheen Macarthur. They can know or do nothing. I will do it. It is willed. Yes, I am going up to the house there. And now I am going from here. God Himself has my thanks to you, and my blessing too. They will come back to you. It is not forgetting you I will be. Good-bye.”
“ Good-bye, Neil, son of the woman that was my friend. A south wind to you ! Go up by the farm. In the front of the house you will see what you will be seeing. Maisie Macdonald will be there. She will tell you what’s for the telling. There is no harm in it, sure : sure, the dead are dead. It is praying for you I will be, Neil Ross. Peace to you ! “
“And to you, Sheen.”
And with that the man went.
…
When Neil Ross reached the byres of the farm in the wide hollow, he saw two figures standing as though awaiting him, but separate, and unseen of the other. In front of the house was a man he knew to be Andrew Blair ; behind the milk-shed was a woman he guessed to be Maisie Macdonald.
It was the woman he came upon first.
“Are you the friend of Sheen Macarthur?” she asked in a whisper, as she beckoned him to the doorway.
“I am.”
“ I am knowing no names or anything. And no one here will know you, I am thinking. So do the thing and begone.”
“There is no harm to it?”
“ None.”
“ It will be a thing often done, is it not ? “
“Ay, sure.”
“ And the evil does not abide ? “
“ No. The … the … person … the person takes them away, and …”
“Them?”
“ For sure, man ! Them … the sins of the corpse. He takes them away ; and are you for thinking God would let the innocent suffer for the guilty? No … the person … the SinEater, you know , . . takes them away on himself, and one by one the air of heaven washes them away till he, the Sin-Eater, is clean and whole as before.”
“But if it is a man you hate … if it is a corpse that is the corpse of one who has been a curse and a foe … if … “
“Sst! Be still now with your foolishness. It is only an idle saying, I am thinking. Do it, and take the money and go. It will be hell enough for Adam Blair, miser as he was, if he is for knowing that five good shillings of his money are to go to a passing tramp because of an old, ancient silly tale.”
Neil Ross laughed low at that. It was for pleasure to him.
“ Hush wi’ ye ! Andrew Blair is waiting round there. Say that I have sent you round, as I have neither bite nor bit to give.”
Turning on his heel, Neil walked slowly round to the front of the house. A tall man was there, gaunt and brown, with hairless face and lank brown hair, but with eyes cold and grey as the sea.
“Good day to you, an’ good faring. Will you be passing this way to anywhere ? “
“ Health to you. I am a stranger here. It is on my way to Iona I am. But I have the hunger upon me. There is not a brown bit in my pocket. I asked at the door there, near the byres. The woman told me she could give me nothing — not a penny even, worse luck, — nor, for that, a drink of warm milk. ‘Tis a sore land this.”
“You have the Gaelic of the Isles. Is it from Iona you are?”
“ It is from the Isles of the West I come.”
“ From Tiree ? … from Coll ? “
“ No.”
“ From the Long Island … or from Uist … or maybe from Benbecula?”
“ No.”
“ Oh well, sure it is no matter to me. But may I be asking your name?”
“ Macallum.”
“Do you know there is a death here, Macallum ? “
“ If I didn’t, I would know it now, because of what lies yonder.”
Mechanically Andrew Blair looked round. As he knew, a rough bier was there, that was made of a dead-board laid upon three milking-stools. Beside it was a claar, a small tub to hold potatoes. On the bier was a corpse, covered with a canvas sheeting that looked like a sail.
“ He was a worthy man, my father,” began the son of the dead man, slowly ; “ but he had his faults, like all of us. I might even be saying that he had his sins, to the Stones be it said. You will be knowing, Macallum, what is thought among the folk … that a stranger, passing by, may take away the sins of the dead, and that, too, without any hurt whatever … any hurt whatever.”
“Ay, sure.”
“ And you will be knowing what is done ? “
“ Ay.”
“ With the bread … and the water … ? “
“ Ay.”
“ It is a small thing to do. It is a Christian thing. I would be doing it myself, and that gladly, but the … the … passer-by who …’
“It is talking of the Sin-Eater you are?”
“ Yes, yes, for sure. The Sin-Eater as he is called — and a good Christian act it is, for all that the ministers and the priests make a frowning at it — the Sin-Eater must be a stranger. He must be a stranger, and should know nothing of the dead man — above all, bear him no grudge.”
At that Neil Ross’s eyes lightened for a moment.
“And why that?”
“Who knows? I have heard this, and I have heard that. If the Sin-Eater was hating the dead man he could take the sins and fling them into the sea, and they would be changed into demons of the air that would harry the flying soul till Judgment-Day.”
“ And how would that thing be done ? “
The man spoke with flashing eyes and parted lips, the breath coming swift. Andrew Blair looked at him suspiciously; and hesitated, before, in a cold voice, he spoke again.
“That is all folly, I am thinking, Macallum. Maybe it is all folly, the whole of it. But, see here, I have no time to be talking with you. If you will take the bread and the water you shall have a good meal if you want it, and … and … yes, look you, my man, I will be giving you a shilling too, for luck.”
“ I will have no meal in this house, Anndra-mhic-Adam ; nor will I do this thing unless you will be giving me two silver half-crowns. That is the sum I must have, or no other.”
“ Two half-crowns ! Why, man, for one half-crown …”
“Then be eating the sins o’ your father yourself, Andrew Blair! It is going I am.”
“ Stop, man ! Stop, Macallum. See here : I will be giving you what you ask.”
“ So be it. Is the … Are you ready ? “
“ Ay, come this way.”
With that the two men turned and moved slowly towards the bier.
In the doorway of the house stood a man and two women ; farther in, a woman ; and at the window to the left, the serving-wench, Jessie McFall, and two men of the farm. Of those in the doorway, the man was Peter, the half-witted youngest brother of Andrew Blair ; the taller and older woman was Catreen, the widow of Adam, the second brother ; and the thin, slight-woman, with staring eyes and drooping mouth, was Muireall, the wife of Andrew. The old woman behind these was Maisie Macdonald.
Andrew Blair stooped and took a saucer out of the claar. This he put upon the covered breast of the corpse. He stooped again, and brought forth a thick square piece of new-made bread. That also he placed upon the breast of the corpse. Then he stooped again, and with that he emptied a spoonful of salt alongside the bread.
“ I must see the corpse,”^ said Neil Ross simply.
“ It is not needful, Macallum.”
“ I must be seeing the corpse, I tell you — and for that, too, the bread and the water should be on the naked breast.”
“ No, no, man ; it … “
But here a voice, that of Maisie the wise woman, came upon them, saying that the man was right, and that the eating of the sins should be done in that way and no other.
With an ill grace the son of the dead man drew back the sheeting. Beneath it, the corpse was in a clean white shirt, a death-gown long ago prepared, that covered him from his neck to his feet, and left only the dusky yellowish face exposed.
While Andrew Blair unfastened the shirt and placed the saucer and the bread and the salt on the breast, the man beside him stood staring fixedly on the frozen features of the corpse. The new laird had to speak to him twice before he heard.
“ I am ready. And you, now ? What is it you are muttering over against the lips of the dead ? “
“ It is giving him a message I am. There is no harm in that, sure?”
“ Keep to your own folk, Macallum. You are from the West you say, and we are from the North. There can be no messages between you and a Blair of Strathmore, no messages for you to be giving.”
“ He that lies here knows well the man to whom I am sending a message” — and at this response Andrew Blair scowled darkly. He would fain have sent the man about his business, but he feared he might get no other.
“ It is thinking I am that you are not a Macallum at all. I know all of that name in Mull, Iona, Skye, and the near isles. What will the name of your naming be, and of your father, and of his place ? “
Whether he really wanted an answer, or whether he sought only to divert the man from his procrastination, his question had a satisfactory result.
“Well, now, it’s ready I am, Anndra-mhic-Adam.”
With that, Andrew Blair stooped once more and from the claar brought a small jug of water. From this he filled the saucer.
“You know what to say and what to do, Macallum.”
There was not one there who did not have a shortened breath because of the mystery that was now before them, and the fearfulness of it. Neil Ross drew himself up, erect, stiff, with white, drawn face. All who waited, save Andrew Blair, thought that the moving of his lips was because of the prayer that was slipping upon them, like the last lapsing of the ebb-tide. But Blair was watching him closely, and knew that it was no prayer which stole out against the blank air that was around the dead.
Slowly Neil Ross extended his right arm. He took a pinch of the salt and put it in the saucer, then took another pinch and sprinkled it upon the bread. His hand shook for a moment as he touched the saucer. But there was no shaking as he raised it towards his h*ps, or when he held it before him when he spoke.
“With this water that has salt in it, and has lain on thy corpse, O Adam mhic Anndra mhrc Adam Mòr, I drink away all the evil that is upon thee …”
There was throbbing silence while he paused.
“… And may it be upon me and not upon thee, if with this water it cannot flow away.”
Thereupon, he raised the saucer and passed it thrice round the head of the corpse sun-ways ; and, having done this, lifted it to his lips and drank as much as his mouth would hold. Thereafter he poured the remnant over his left hand, and let it trickle to the ground. Then he took the piece of bread. Thrice, too, he passed it round the head of the corpse sun-ways.
He turned and looked at the man by his side, then at the others, who watched him with beating hearts.
With a loud clear voice he took the sins.
“ Thoir dhomh do ciontachd, Adam mhic Anndra rnhic Adam Mòr ! Give me thy sins to take away from thee ! Lo, now, as I stand here, I break this bread that has lain on thee in corpse, and I am eating it, I am, and in that eating I take upon me the sins of thee, O man that was alive and is now white with the stillness ! “
Thereupon Neil Ross broke the bread and ate of it, and took upon himself the sins of Adam Blair that was dead. It was a bitter swallowing, that. The remainder of the bread he crumbled in his hand, and threw it on the ground, and trod upon it. Andrew Blair gave a sigh of relief. His cold eyes lightened with malice.
“ Be off with you, now, Macallum. We are wanting no tramps at the farm here, and perhaps you had better not be trying to get work this side Iona ; for it is known as the Sin-Eater you will be, and that won’t be for the helping, I am thinking ! There : there are the two half-crowns for you … and may they bring you no harm, you that are Scape-goat now ! “
The Sin-Eater turned at that, and stared like a hill-bull. Scapegoat! Ay, that’s what he was. Sin-Eater, Scapegoat ! Was he not, too, another Judas, to have sold for silver that which was not for the selling? No, no, for sure Maisie Macdonald could tell him the rune that would serve for the easing of this burden. He would soon be quit of it.
Slowly he took the money, turned it over, and put it in his pocket.
“ I am going, Andrew Blair,” he said quietly, “ I am going now. I will not say to him that is there in the silence, A chuid do Pharas da! — nor will I say to you, Gu;n gleidheadh Dia thu, — nor will I say to this dwelling that is the home of thee and thine, Gu’n beannaicheadh Dia an tigh ! “ [(1) A chuid do Pharas da! "His share of heaven be his." (2) Gu'n gleidheadh Dia thu, "May God preserve you." (3) Gu'n beannaicheadh Dia an tigh! "God's blessing on this house."]
Here there was a pause. All listened. Andrew Blair shifted uneasily, the furtive eyes of him going this way and that, like a ferret in the grass.
“ But, Andrew Blair, I will say this : when you fare abroad, Droch caoidh ort! and when you go upon the water, Gaoth gun direadh ort! Ay, ay, Anndra-mhic-Adam, Dia ad aghaidh ‘s ad aodann … agus has dunach ort ! Dhonas ‘s dholas ort, agus leat-sa ! “ [(1) Droch caoidh ort ! "May a fatal accident happen to you" (lit. "bad moan on you"). (2) Gaoth gun direadh ort ! " May you drift to your drowning " (lit. "wind without direction on you"). (3) Dia ad aghaidh, etc., "God against thee and in thy face . . . and may a death of woe be yours. . . . Evil and sorrow to thee and thine ! "]
The bitterness of these words was like snow in June upon all there. They stood amazed. None spoke. No one moved.
Neil Ross turned upon his heel, and, with a bright light in his eyes, walked away from the dead and the living. He went by the byres, whence he had come. Andrew Blair remained where he was, now glooming at the corpse, now biting his nails and staring at the damp sods at his feet.
When Neil reached the end of the milk-shed he saw Maisie Macdonald there, waiting.
“ These were ill sayings of yours, Neil Ross,” she said in a low voice, so that she might not be overheard from the house.
“ So, it is knowing me you are.”
“ Sheen Macarthur told me.”
“ I have good cause.”
“That is a true word. I know it.”
“ Tell me this thing. What is the rune that is said for the throwing into the sea of the sins of the dead ? See here, Maisie Macdonald. There is no money of that man that I would carry a mile with me. Here it is. It is yours, if you will tell me that rune.”
Maisie took the money hesitatingly. Then, stooping, she said slowly the few lines of the old, old rune.
“ Will you be remembering that ? “
“It is not forgetting it I will be, Maisie.”
“Wait a moment. There is some warm milk here.”
With that she went, and then, from within, beckoned to him to enter.
“ There is no one here, Neil Ross. Drink the milk.”
He drank ; and while he did so she drew a leather pouch from some hidden place in her dress.
“ And now I have this to give you.”
She counted out ten pennies and two farthings.
“ It is all the coppers I have. You are welcome to them. Take them, friend of my friend. They will give you the food you need, and the ferry across the Sound.”
“ I will do that, Maisie Macdonald, and thanks to you. It is not forgetting it I will be, nor you, good woman. And now, tell me, is it safe that I am? He called me a ‘ scapegoat ‘ ; he, Andrew Blair ! Can evil touch me between this and the sea?”
“ You must go to the place where the evil was done to you and yours — and that, I know, is on the west side of Iona. Go, and God preserve you. But here, too, is a sian that will be for the safety.”
Thereupon, with swift mutterings she said this charm : an old, familiar Sian against Sudden Harm : —
“ Sian a chuir Moire air Mac ort,
Sian ro’ marbhadh, sian ro’ lot ort,
Sian eadar a’ chlioch ‘s a’ ghlun,
Sian nan Tri ann an aon ort,
O mhullach do chinn gu bonn do chois ort :
Sian seachd eadar a h-aon ort, Sian seachd eadar a dha ort,
Sian seachd eadar a tri ort,
Sian seachd eadar a ceithir ort,
Sian seachd eadar a coig ort
Sian seachd eadar a sia ort,
Sian seachd paidir nan seach paidir dol deiseil ri diugh narach ort, ga do ghleidheadh bho bheud ‘s bho mhi-thapadh ! “
Scarcely had she finished before she heard heavy steps approaching.
“ Away with you,” she whispered, repeating in a loud, angry tone, “ Away with you ! Seachad! Scachad! “
And with that Neil Ross slipped from the milk-shed and crossed the yard, and was behind the byres before Andrew Blair, with sullen mien and swift, wild eyes, strode from the house.
It was with a grim smile on his face that Neil tramped down the wet heather till he reached the high road, and fared thence as through a marsh because of the rains there had been.
For the first mile he thought of the angry mind of the dead man, bitter at paying of the silver. For the second mile he thought of the evil that had been wrought for him and his. For the third mile he pondered over all that he had heard and done and taken upon him that day.
Then he sat down upon a broken granite heap by the way, and brooded deep till one hour went, and then another, and the third was upon him.
A man driving two calves came towards him out of the west. He did not hear or see. The man stopped : spoke again. Neil gave no answer. The drover shrugged his shoulders, hesitated, and walked slowly on, often looking back.
An hour later a shepherd came by the way he himself had tramped. He was a tall, gaunt man with a squint. The small, pale-blue eyes glittered out of a mass of red hair that almost covered his face. He stood still, opposite Neil, and leaned on his cromak.
“ Latha math leaf” he said at last : “ I wish you good day.”
Neil glanced at him, but did not speak.
“What is your name, for I seem to know you ? “
But Neil had already forgotten him. The shepherd took out his snuff-mull, helped himself, and handed the mull to the lonely way-farer. Neil mechanically helped himself.
“Am bheil thu ‘dol do Fhionphort?” tried the shepherd again : “ Are you going to Fionnaphort ? “
“Tha mise ‘dol a dli I challum chille,” Neil answered, in a low, weary voice, and as a man adream : “ I am on my way to Iona.”
“ I am thinking I know now who you are. You are the man Macallum.”
Neil looked, but did not speak. His eyes dreamed against what the other could not see or know. The shepherd called angrily to his dogs to keep the sheep from straying ; then, with a resentful air, turned to his victim.
“You are a silent man for sure, you are. I’m hoping it is not the curse upon you already.”
“What curse?”
“Ah, that has brought the wind against the mist ! I was thinking so ! “
“What curse?”
“You are the man that was the Sin-Eater over there ? “
“Ay.”
“The man Macallum?”
“ Ay.”
“Strange it is, but three days ago I saw you in Tobermory, and heard you give your name as Neil Ross to an Iona man that was there.”
“Well?”
“ Oh, sure, it is nothing to me. But they say the Sin-Eater should not be a man with a hidden lump in his pack.” [i.e. With a criminal secret, or an undiscovered crime.]
“Why?”
“ For the dead know, and are content. There is no shaking off any sins, then — for that man.”
“It is a lie.”
“ Maybe ay and maybe no.”
“Well, have you more to be saying to me? I am obliged to you for your company, but it is not needing it I am, though no offence.”
“ Och, man, there’s no offence between you and me. Sure, there’s Iona in me, too ; for the father of my father married a woman that was the granddaughter of Tomais Macdonald, who was a fisherman there. No, no ; it is rather warning you I would be.”
“And for what?”
“ Well, well, just because of that laugh I heard about.”
“What laugh?”
“ The laugh of Adam Blair that is dead.”
Neil Ross stared, his eyes large and wild. He leaned a little forward. No word came from him. The look that was on his face was the question.
“Yes: it was this way. Sure, the telling of it is just as I heard it. After you ate the sins of Adam Blair, the people there brought out the coffin. When they were putting him into it, he was as stiff as a sheep dead in the snow — and just like that, too, with his eyes wide open. Well, someone saw you trampling the heather down the slope that is in front of the house, and said, ‘ It is the Sin-Eater ! ‘ With that, Andrew Blair sneered, and said — ‘ Ay, ‘tis the scapegoat he is ! ‘ Then, after a while, he went on : ‘ The Sin-Eater they call him : ay, just so : and a bitter good bargain it is, too, if all’s true that’s thought true ! ‘ And with that he laughed, and then his wife that was behind him laughed, and then …”
“ Well, what then ? “
“Well, ‘tis Himself that hears and knows if it is true ! But this is the thing I was told : — After that laughing there was a stillness and a dread. For all there saw that the corpse had turned its head and was looking after you as you went down the heather. Then, Neil Ross, if that be your true name, Adam Blair that was dead put up his white face against the sky, and laughed.”
At this, Ross sprang to his feet with a gasping sob.
“ It is a lie, that thing ! “ he cried, shaking his fist at the shepherd. “ It is a lie ! “
“ It is no lie. And by the same token, Andrew Blair shrank back white and shaking, and his woman had the swoon upon her, and who knows but the corpse might have come to life again had it not been for Maisie Macdonald, the deid-watcher, who clapped a handful of salt on his eyes, and tilted the coffin so that the bottom of it slid forward, and so let the whole fall flat on the ground, with Adam Blair in it sideways, and as likely as not cursing and groaning, as his wont was, for the hurt both to his old bones and his old ancient dignity.”
Ross glared at the man as though the madness was upon him. Fear and horror and fierce rage swung him now this way and now that.
“ What will the name of you be, shepherd ? “ he stuttered huskily.
“ It is Eachainn Gilleasbuig I am to ourselves ; and the English of that for those who have no Gaelic is Hector Gillespie ; and I am Eachainn mac Ian mac Alasdair of Strathsheean that is where Sutherland lies against Ross.”
“ Then take this thing — and that is, the curse of the Sin-Eater! And a bitter bad thing may it be upon you and yours.”
And with that Neil the Sin-Eater flung his hand up into the air, and then leaped past the shepherd, and a minute later was running through the frightened sheep, with his head low, and a white foam on his lips, and his eyes red with blood as a seal’s that has the death-wound on it.
…
On the third day of the seventh month from that day, Aulay Macneill, coming into Balliemore of Iona from the west side of the island, said to old Ronald MacCormick, that was the father of his wife, that he had seen Neil Ross again, and that he was “absent” — for though he had spoken to him, Neil would not answer, but only gloomed at him from the wet weedy rock where he sat.
The going back of the man had loosed every tongue that was in Iona. When, too, it was known that he was wrought in some terrible way, if not actually mad, the islanders whispered that it was because of the sins of Adam Blair. Seldom or never now did they speak of him by his name, but simply as “The SinEater.” The thing was not so rare as to cause this strangeness, nor did many (and perhaps none did) think that the sins of the dead ever might or could abide with the living who had merely done a good Christian charitable thing. But there was a reason.
Not long after Neil Ross had come again to Iona, and had settled down in the ruined roofless house on the croft of Ballyrona, just like a fox or a wild-cat, as the saying was, he was given fishing-work to do by Aulay Macneill, who lived at Ard-an-teine, at the rocky north end of the machar or plain that is on the west Atlantic coast of the island.
One moonlit night, either the seventh or the ninth after the earthing of Adam Blair at his own place in the Ross, Aulay Macneill saw Neil Ross steal out of the shadow of Ballyrona and make for the sea. Macneill was there by the rocks, mending a lobster-creel. He had gone there because of the sadness. Well, when he saw the Sin-Eater, he watched.
Neil crept from rock to rock till he reached the last fang that churns the sea into yeast when the tide sucks the land just opposite.
Then he called out something that Aulay Macneill could not catch. With that he springs up, and throws his arms above him.
“ Then,” says Aulay when he tells the tale, “ it was like a ghost he was. The moonshine was on his face like the curl o’ a wave. White ! there is no whiteness like that of the human face. It was whiter than the foam about the skerry it was ; whiter than the moon shining ; whiter than well, as white as the painted letters on the black boards of the fishing-cobles. There he stood, for all that the sea was about him, the slip-slop waves leapin’ wild, and the tide making, too, at that. He was shaking like a sail two points off the wind. It was then that, all of a sudden, he called in a womany, screamin’ voice —
“ ‘ I am throwing the sins of Adam Blair into the midst of ye, white dogs o’ the sea! Drown them, tear them, drag them away out into the black deeps! Ay, ay, ay, ye dancin’ wild waves, this is the third time I am doing it, and now there is none left ; no, not a sin, not a sin !
“O-hi, )-ri, dark tide o’ the sea,
I am giving the sins of a dead man to thee !
By the Stones, by the Wind, by the Fire, by the Tree,
From the dead man’s sins set me free, set me free !
Adam mhic Anndra mhic Adam and me,
Set us free ! Set us free ! ‘
“Ay, sure, the Sin-Eater sang that over and over ; and after the third singing he swung his arms and screamed —
“‘And listen to me, black waters an’ running tide.
That rune is the good rune told me by Maisie the wise.
And I am Neil the son of Silis Macallum
By the black-hearted evil man Murtagh Ross,
That was the friend of Adam mac Anndra, God against him ! ‘
And with that he scrambled and fell into the sea. But, as I am Aulay mac Luais and no other, he was up in a moment, an’ swimmin’ like a seal, and then over the rocks again, an’ away back to that lonely roofless place once more, laughing wild at times, an’ muttering an’ whispering.”
It was this tale of Aulay Macneill’s that stood between Neil Ross and the isle-folk. There was something behind all that, they whispered one to another.
So it was always the Sin-Eater he was called at last. None sought him. The few children who came upon him now and again fled at his approach, or at the very sight of him. Only Aulay Macneill saw him at times, and had word of him.
After a month had gone by, all knew that the Sin-Eater was wrought to madness because of this awful thing : the burden of Adam Blair’s sins would not go from him ! Night and day he could hear them laughing low, it was said.
But it was the quiet madness. He went to and fro like a shadow in the grass, and almost as soundless as that, and as voiceless. More and more the name of him grew as a terror. There were few folk on that wild west coast of lona, and these few avoided him when the word ran that he had knowledge of strange things, and converse, too, with the secrets of the sea.
One day Aulay Macneill, in his boat, but dumb with amaze and terror for him, saw him at high tide swimming on a long rolling wave right into the hollow of the Spouting Cave. In the memory of man, no one had done this and escaped one of three things : a snatching away into oblivion, a strangled death, or madness. The islanders know that there swims into the cave, at full tide, a Mar-Tarbh, a dreadful creature of the sea that some call a kelpie ; only it is not a kelpie, which is like a woman, but rather is a sea-bull, offspring of the cattle that are never seen. Ill indeed for any sheep or goat, ay, or even dog or child, if any happens to be leaning over the edge of the Spouting Cave when the Mar-tarv roars : for, of a surety, it will fall in and straightway be devoured.
With awe and trembling Aulay listened for the screaming of the doomed man. It was full tide, and the sea-beast would be there.
The minutes passed, and no sign. Only the hollow booming of the sea, as it moved like a baffled blind giant round the cavern-bases : only the rush and spray of the water flung up the narrow shaft high into the windy air above the cliff it penetrates.
At last he saw what looked like a mass of seaweed swirled out on the surge. It was the Sin-Eater. With a leap, Aulay was at his oars. The boat swung through the sea. Just before Neil Ross was about to sink for the second time, he caught him and dragged him into the boat.
But then, as ever after, nothing was to be got out of the Sin-Eater save a single saying: Tha e lanihan fuar : Tha e lamhan fuar ! — “ It has a cold, cold hand ! “
The telling of this and other tales left none free upon the island to look upon the “ scape-goat “ save as one accursed.
It was in the third month that a new phase of his madness came upon Neil Ross.
The horror of the sea and the passion for the sea came over him at the same happening. Oftentimes he would race along the shore, screaming wild names to it, now hot with hate and loathing, now as the pleading of a man with the woman of his love. And strange chants to it, too, were upon his lips. Old, old lines of forgotten runes were overheard by Aulay Macneill, and not Aulay only : lines wherein the ancient sea-name of the island, Ioua, that was given to it long before it was called Iona, or any other of the nine names that are said to belong to it, occurred again and again.
The flowing tide it was that wrought him thus. At the ebb he would wander across the weedy slabs or among the rocks : silent, and more like a lost duinshee than a man.
Then again after three months a change in his madness came. None knew what it was, though Aulay said that the man moaned and moaned because of the awful burden he bore. No drowning seas for the sins that could not be washed away, no grave for the live sins that would be quick till the day of the Judgment !
For weeks thereafter he disappeared. As to where he was, it is not for the knowing.
Then at last came that third day of the seventh month when, as I have said, Aulay Macneill told old Ronald MacCormick that he had seen the Sin-Eater again.
It was only a half-truth that he told, though. For, after he had seen Neil Ross upon the rock, he had followed him when he rose, and wandered back to the roofless place which he haunted now as of yore. Less wretched a shelter now it was, because of the summer that was come, though a cold, wet summer at that.
“ Is that you, Neil Ross ? “ he had asked, as he peered into the shadows among the ruins of the house.
“ That’s not my name,” said the Sin-Eater ; and he seemed as strange then and there, as though he were a castaway from a foreign ship.
“And what will it be, then, you that are my friend, and sure knowing me as Aulay mac Luais — Aulay Macneill that never grudges you bit or sup ? “
“ I am Judas.”
“ And at that word,” says Aulay Macneill, when he tells the tale, “ at that word the pulse in my heart was like a bat in a shut room. But after a bit I took up the talk,
“‘Indeed,’ I said; ‘and I was not for knowing that. May I be so bold as to ask whose son, and of what place ? ‘
“ But all he said to me was, ‘I am Judas!’
“ Well, I said, to comfort him, ‘ Sure, it’s not such a bad name in itself, though I am knowing some which have a more home-like sound.’ But no, it was no good.
“ ‘ I am Judas. And because I sold the Son of God for five pieces of silver …’
“But here I interrupted him and said, — ‘ Sure, now, Neil — I mean, Judas — it was eight times five.’ Yet the simpleness of his sorrow prevailed, and I listened with the wet in my eyes.
“ ‘ I am Judas. And because I sold the Son of God for five silver shillings. He laid upon me all the nameless black sins of the world. And that is why I am bearing them till the Day of Days.’ “
And this was the end of the Sin-Eater ; for I will not tell the long story of Aulay Macneill, that gets longer and longer every winter : but only the unchanging close of it.
I will tell it in the words of Aulay.
“ A bitter, wild day it was, that day I saw him to see him no more. It was late. The sea was red with the flamin’ light that burned up the air betwixt Iona and all that is west of West. I was on the shore, looking at the sea. The big green waves came in like the chariots in the Holy Book. Well, it was on the black shoulder of one of them, just short of the ton o’ foam that swept above it, that I saw a spar surgin’ by.
“‘What is that?’ I said to myself And the reason of my wondering was this : I saw that a smaller spar was swung across it. And while I was watching that thing another great billow came in with a roar, and hurled the double spar back, and not so far from me but I might have gripped it. But who would have gripped that thing if he were for seeing what I saw?
“ It is Himself knows that what I say is a true thing.
“ On that spar was Neil Ross, the Sin-Eater. Naked he was as the day he was born. And he was lashed, too — ay, sure, he was lashed to it by ropes round and round his legs and his waist and his left arm. It was the Cross he was on. I saw that thing with the fear upon me. Ah, poor drifting wreck that he was! Judas on the Cross: It was his eric!
“ But even as I watched, shaking in my limbs, I saw that there was life in him still. The lips were moving, and his right arm was ever for swinging this way and that. ‘Twas like an oar, working him off a lee shore : ay, that was what I thought.
“Then, all at once, he caught sight of me. Well he knew me, poor man, that has his share of heaven now, I am thinking !
“ He waved, and called, but the hearing could not be, because of a big surge o’ water that came tumbling down upon him. In the stroke of an oar he was swept close by the rocks where I was standing. In that flounderin’, seethin’ whirlpool I saw the white face of him for a moment, an’ as he went out on the re-surge like a hauled net, I heard these words fallin’ against my ears, —
“An eirig m’anama … In ransom for my soul ! “
“And with that I saw the double-spar turn over and slide down the back sweep of a drowning big wave. Ay, sure, it went out to the deep sea swift enough then. It was in the big eddy that rushes between Skerry-Mor and Skerry-Beag. I did not see it again — no, not for the quarter of an hour, I am thinking. Then I saw just the whirling top of it rising out of the flying yeast of a great, black-blustering wave, that was rushing northward before the current that is called the Black-Eddy.
“With that you have the end of Neil Ross: ay, sure, him that was called the Sin-Eater. And that is a true thing ; and may God save us the sorrow of sorrows.
“And that is all.”
Fiona Macleod’s Sin-Eater#
In reading Fiona Macleod’s story of the sin-eater, we might wonder where she came by this story, or how she came across the tradition of the sin-ater? As a work of fiction, it presents a mystery surrounding an an evil act, and an act of vengeance gone wrong as the lead character adopts a sin-eater role and then finds themselves trapped and tormented by it. Is there any evidence of how Fiona Macleod came across the idea of a sin-eater, perhaps from the Scottish tradition? If we can find out when, and from where, she first came across the idea, or when she started writing it, we might be able to identify whether she had picked up on the idea from publications that might have been in the public eye at the time.
TO DO
???? https://ies.sas.ac.uk/sites/default/files/1894.pdf
The William Sharp ‘Fiona Macleod’ Archive , SECTION XI LIFE: 1894 The entire Archive is protected under the copyright laws of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the Universal Copyright Convention. The copyright in hitherto unpublished materials by William Sharp/”Fiona Macleod” © 2002 is held by Rosemarie Sharp. The copyright in editorial apparatus and design © 2002 is held by the Archive Editor, William F. Halloran (wfh30@hotmail.com). Publication (print or electronic) or commercial use of any of the copyrighted materials without direct authorization from the copyright holders is prohibited. Copying of materials from the Archive is permitted only under the fair-use provisions of copyright law. To obtain permission to use material in the Archive that is not otherwise available in print, contact the Editor of the Archive. No permission is necessary to link to the Archive or to individual items in the Archive.
At the beginning of August, he went to the west of Scotland to stay with his mother and sisters who were on holiday in Kilcreggan on the Firth of Clyde. While there, he made friends with several locals, listened to their tales, and began to use what he heard in a series of stories that appeared in 1895 as The Sin-Eater and other Tales (Patrick Geddes and Colleagues, Edinburgh).
At first glance it might appear that the idea for this story was triggered by the 1895 controversy, but it appears from ??leters ??saga TO DO was being mooted a year earlier, as a fragment from a letter to John Lane, dated [July] 7, [1894] reveals:
…
Miss Macleod tells me she hopes to have the new MS. completed & revised by the end of August. She wanted to send you for your next “Yellow Book” a remarkable short story called “The Sin-Eater”: but I have advised her to hold this over in the meantime.
… In haste
Yours sincerely | William Sharp
?? https://ies.sas.ac.uk/sites/default/files/1895a.pdf SECTION XII LIFE: JANUARY – JUNE, 1895 1 The publishing firm of P. G. Geddes and Colleagues was established in 1895. As this letter makes clear, it was designed as a medium for the expression and dissemination of Celtic-oriented poems and stories and of scientific works that would help to restore Edinburgh’s reputation as a center of learning. William Sharp served briefly as Manager of the firm and then became its Literary Adviser. He saw the firm as a vehicle for the writings of Fiona Macleod, and under his guidance, it published in beautifully designed books Fiona’s The Sin-Eater (1895), The Washer of the Ford (1896), and From the Hills of Dream (1896). They were followed by Fiona’s Songs and Tales of St. Columba and His Age (1897), and The Shorter Stories of Fiona Macleod (1897), a rearrangement and reissue in three inexpensive paper-covered volumes of the stories published in The SinEater and The Washer of the Ford. The firm’s most successful publication, a book that went through several editions, was an anthology of Celtic poetry called Lyra Celtica (1896) which Elizabeth Sharp compiled and edited and for which William Sharp wrote a lengthy introduction and copious notes.
Sin Eater and other Tales intended to be published in Autumn / early October 1895, and after several delays caused by the publisher appeared in November 1895
https://ies.sas.ac.uk/sites/default/files/1895b.pdf To Herbert Stuart Stone, August 12, 1895 9 Upper Coltbridge Terrace | Murrayfield | Midlothian | 12th August. 1895.
Please acknowledge receipt of The Sin-Eater by return, and state if you will be able to publish on (say) Saturday the 5th of October. With kind regards, |Yours Sincerely | Fiona Macleod
A date of October 15th was eventually settled on, but delays meant it was pushed back to early November
https://ies.sas.ac.uk/sites/default/files/1896a.pdf To John Macleay, [Feb 18, 1896] 31 London | Tuesday |10 p.m.
…Of course you can write to Miss Macleod if you like – though I suppose I ought to say ‘no,’ & would if I had the right! For she has been ordered by her doctor to write as little as possible till she is quite right again. …
As to what grounds Miss M. had for her “Sin-Eater” I do not know. Certainly the idea of it was not recent: for I well recollect her mentioning the superstition, and its fascination for her, some four or five years ago. Sincerely Yours/William Sharp